Respiratory function in healthy long-term meditators: A cross-sectional comparative study

Purpose: Respiratory function is thought to improve with long-term meditation. This study aimed to assess respiratory function in a cohort of healthy long-term meditators and non-meditators in Sri Lanka.Methods: Respiratory function of healthy, skilled long-term meditators (n = 20) practicing Buddhist meditation consistently >3 years, and age-sex matched non-meditators (n = 20) were assessed by assessing resting respiratory rate, spirometry, breath-holding time and six-minute -walk distance. Data were analyzed with SPSS-23 statistical software.Results: The long-term meditators; 45% male, mean (SD) total lifetime meditation experience 12.8 (6.5) years, aged 45.8 (8.74) years, BMI 23.68 (2.23) kgm-2, and non-meditators; 45% male, mean (SD) age 45.3 (8.05) years, BMI 23.68 (3.28) kgm- 2, were comparable. Long-term medi-tators had slower resting respiratory rates [mean (SD); 13.35 (1.9) vs. 18.37 (2.31) breaths/ minute; p < 0.001], higher peak expiratory flow rates [mean (SD); 9.89 (2.5) vs. 8.22 (2.3) L/s; p = 0.03], and higher inspiratory breath-holding times [mean (SD); 74 (29.84) vs. 53.61 (26.83) seconds, p = 0.038] compared to non-meditators. There was no significant difference in the six -minute-walk distance and estimated maximal oxygen consumption between the two groups. Resting respiratory rate of long-term meditators, showed a significant negative correlation with total lifetime meditation practice in years (r =-0.444, p = 0.049), and the average length of a meditation session per day (r =-0.65, p = 0.002). The long-term meditators with longer duration of retreat participation demonstrated lower resting respiratory rate (r =-0.522, p = 0.018) and higher tidal volumes (r = 0.474, p = 0.04).Conclusions: Long-term meditators had significantly slower resting respiratory rates and longer breath-holding times, with better spirometry parameters than non-meditators. Greater practice duration and retreat experience appear to be associated with improved resting respiratory function in long-term meditators.