Farmers' attitudes towards agricultural plastics - Management and disposal, awareness and perceptions of the environmental impacts

The amount of plastic waste resulting from agricultural practices is increasing and this trend is expected to continue. Although plastics are essential for certain farming tasks, their impact on the environment is becoming a major issue of concern. Mismanaged larger plastics can disintegrate into microplastics and make their way into soils, surface and groundwater sources. Microplastics are extremely persistent and have the potential to facilitate the transfer of contaminants through the environment, potentially affecting terrestrial and aquatic wildlife. A descriptive survey was conducted on a sample of farmers (n = 430) in Ireland to assess their attitudes on agricultural plastic waste management and their awareness and perceptions of the impacts of microplastics and plastics on the environment. This study found that most farmers (88.2%) are concerned about the amount of plastic waste generated by farming activities. Agricultural plastic disposal methods vary and recycling rates mostly depend on the type of plastic, the cost of recycling and access to facilities. Most farmers view agricultural plastics negatively due to their impact on the environment but also because of the monetary and logistical burdens associated with them. Farmers were relatively aware of microplastics (57.5%), but overall more farmers felt they knew more about plastic pollution than microplastic pollution and these issues in aquatic systems. This was also evident when it came to their perception of the risks plastics pose on the environment with more farmers believing that aquatic environments are at greater risk than the terrestrial environments. Future research efforts must focus on plastic and microplastic pollutions in soils to inform policy-makers and to create greater public awareness. In addition to this, several developments are needed in a collective effort by governments, policy-makers and other stakeholders to reduce plastic and microplastic problems in agriculture.