The Association Between Ambient Temperature and Snakebite in Georgia, USA: A Case-Crossover Study

被引:9
作者
Landry, Mariah [1 ]
D'Souza, Rohan [2 ]
Moss, Shannon [2 ]
Chang, Howard H. [2 ]
Ebelt, Stefanie [1 ]
Wilson, Lawrence [3 ]
Scovronick, Noah [1 ]
机构
[1] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Gangarosa Dept Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
[2] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat & Bioinformat, Atlanta, GA USA
[3] Emory Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA USA
来源
GEOHEALTH | 2023年 / 7卷 / 07期
关键词
temperature; snakebite; climate change; epidemiology; ecology; UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; BITES;
D O I
10.1029/2022GH000781
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
The World Health Organization has identified snakebite envenoming as a highest priority neglected tropical disease, yet there is a dearth of epidemiologic research on environmental risk factors, including outdoor temperature. Temperature may affect snakebites through human behavior or snake behavior; snakes are ectotherms, meaning outdoor temperatures influence their internal body temperature and thus their behavior. Here we investigate the relationship between short-term temperature and snakebites in Georgia, one of the most biodiverse US states in terms of herpetofauna. We acquired emergency department (ED) visit data for Georgia between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2020. Visits for venomous and non-venomous snakebites were identified using diagnosis codes. For comparison, we also considered visits for non-snake (e.g., insects, spiders, scorpions) envenomation. Daily meteorology from the Daymet 1 km product was linked to patient residential ZIP codes. We applied a case-crossover design to estimate associations of daily maximum temperature and snakebite ED visits. During the 7-year study period, there were 3,908 visits for venomous snakebites, 1,124 visits for non-venomous bites and 65,187 visits for non-snake envenomation. Across the entire period, a 1? increase in same-day maximum temperature was associated with a 5.6% (95%CI: 4.0-7.3) increase in the odds of venomous snakebite and a 5.8% (95%CI: 3.0-8.8) increase in non-venomous snakebite. Associations were strongest in the spring. We also observed a positive and significant (p < 0.05) association for non-snake envenomation, albeit slightly smaller and more consistent across seasons compared to those for snakebites.
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页数:9
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