Changes of peripheral blood Th cytokines in acute anterior uveitis and their relationships with recurrence

Acute anterior uveitis (AAU) can cause great pain to patients. Th cytokines in peripheral blood are significantly changed in these patients, including serum interleukin-23 (IL-23), interleukin-17 (IL-17), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) increase. However, the relationship between Th cytokines and recurrence of AAU is still unclear. Ninety-two cases of AAU were enrolled from January 2020 to April 2022 in our hospital (observation group). Levels of peripheral blood Th cytokines were detected, which were compared between acute and remission stages. After 6 months of follow-up, the relationships between Th cytokines in peripheral blood and recurrence in the observation group were analyzed. The prediction of Th cytokines on recurrence was analyzed. (1) The recurrence rate was 25.00%, and there were no statistical differences in the serum IL-23, IL-17, IL-4, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and TGF-beta 1 levels between patients with bilateral disease and unilateral disease (P < 0.05). (2) The serum IL-23, IL-17, IL-4, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and TGF-beta 1 levels of recurrence patients were higher than those of non-recurrence (t = 2.971, 5.357, 2.197, 2.766, 4.395, 2.983, P < 0.05). (3) The serum IL-23, IL-17, TNF-alpha levels were risk factors for recurrence (OR = 1.035, 1.210, 1.155, P < 0.05). (4) There were positive relationships between serum IL-23, IL-17, IL-4, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and TGF-beta 1 levels and recurrence (r = 0.317, 0.526, 0.248, 0.304, 0.480, 0.325, P < 0.05).