Sleep profile and the risk of cardiovascular events in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

A significant proportion of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) suffer from physical and mental disorders which lead to the decline of sleep profile. Sleep disorders are highly prevalent in these patients. But the effect of sleep on the outcomes of post-PCI patients remains unclear. We aim to examine the individual and joint effects of sleep quality and sleep duration on the risk of adverse cardiovascular events in post-PCI patients. We included 314 participants who were diagnosed with a first CAD and underwent PCI with drug-eluting stents and followed up for a mean duration of 341 days to assess major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Sleep quality, based on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, was categorized as good (a score of <= 7) or poor (>7). Sleep duration was categorized into three classes: <= 5, 6-8 (reference group) and >= 9 hours per day. The log-rank test and the Cox regression model were used for data analysis. MACEs occurred in 26 (8.3%) patients. Subjects whose sleep duration was <= 5 hours per day had a shorter time to MACEs than those whose sleep duration was 6-8 hours (p = 0.036). A significantly increased risk for MACEs was observed for participants with a <= 5 hours sleep duration (HR = 2.18, 95% CI = 1.02-4.64) after adjustment for demographic and clinical confounders. Associations between long sleep duration (>= 9 hours), sleep quality, or their joint effect and MACEs were not found. This suggests the importance of considering sleep loss when developing strategies to improve health outcomes of PCI patients. And further researches are needed to examine the effects of different aspects of sleep quality on the prognosis of PCI patients and explore the reasons that lead to the decline of sleep profile.