Mechanical, environmental, and economic performance of engineered cementitious composite incorporated limestone calcined clay cement: A review

The construction and building materials sector are becoming increasingly concerned about sus-tainability and environmentally friendly materials/composites. One of these developed compos-ites is called engineered cementitious composite (ECC), and it has the ability to reduce carbon and energy impacts on the environment in addition to its remarkable performance, such as con-trol cracking and ultra-high ductility. Over the previous years, scientists have made coherent ef-forts and activities to create a greener ECC. These efforts can be mostly categorized by the utiliza-tion of more cost-effective and environmentally friendly binders, fillers, and fibers. This review focuses on the utilization of environmentally friendly binders called limestone calcined clay ce-ment (LC3) as well as greener fibers in creating greener ECC. The fresh, mechanical, and sustain-ability performance of LC3-based ECC are comprehensively discussed in this study. Based on the existing studies, it is concluded that LC3-based ECC has a higher strain capacity and better self-healing capability. It reduces the carbon footprint and embodied energy compared to the OPC-based ECC. Overall, the review aims to promote the use of ECC-LC3 in construction projects and encourage further research in this area. Further research should focus on enhancing the long-term mechanical and durability performance of LC3-based ECC.