Excitonic phases in a spatially separated electron-hole ladder model

We obtain the numerical ground state of a one-dimensional ladder model with the upper and lower chains occupied by spatially separated electrons and holes, respectively. Under charge neutrality, we find that the excitonic bound states are always formed, i.e., no finite regime of decoupled electron and hole plasma exists at zero temperature. The system either behaves like a bosonic liquid or a bosonic crystal depending on the interchain attractive and intrachain repulsive interaction strengths. We also provide the detailed excitonic phase diagrams in the intra- and interchain interaction parameters, with and without disorder. We also comment on the corresponding two-dimensional electron-hole bilayer exciton condensation.