Exploration and Assessment of Breast Cancer Awareness in the Saudi Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Breast cancer represents a considerable health burden and is a leading cause of mortality among women. Despite the availability of screening methods, many women remain unaware of their importance, leading to delayed diagnoses and poorer outcomes. Increased awareness of breast cancer symptoms and screening modalities may improve early detection and ultimately reduce breast cancer mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the level of awareness, practices, and attitudes regarding breast cancer and its screening methods in the general population, males and females, in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire to collect data on personal information, medical and family history of breast cancer, participation in breast cancer awareness programs, knowledge of breast cancer and screening methods, and attitudes and practices related to breast cancer and breast self-examination. The questionnaire was distributed via social media platforms. Results: A total of 714 individuals completed the study questionnaire. The age range of the participants was 18 to 70 years, with a mean age of 29.9 +/- 11.5 years. Among the participants, 60.1% were female. The most commonly reported risk factors for breast cancer were female sex (38.8%), smoking (35.8%), obesity (25.6%), consumption of fat-rich foods (23.9%), and alcohol intake (23.6%). The most widely recognized warning signs of breast cancer among participants were the presence of a hard, painless lump or nodule in the breast or armpit (79.7%), breast swelling (62%), and discharge from the breast (59.5%). Among female study participants in Saudi Arabia, 36.4% reported practicing breast self-examination (BSE). Conclusions: In conclusion, this study revealed that the participants demonstrated a low level of knowledge and awareness regarding breast cancer and its associated screening methods, particularly mammography. Furthermore, the practice of breast self-examination, which is especially important for women under 40 years of age, was below average, with only one out of every three female participants performing it. Educational programs and health campaigns are essential to increase awareness about breast cancer and the importance of early detection to improve the rates of mortality and morbidity.