Combination of sequencing batch reactor activated sludge process with sludge lysis using thermophilic bacterial community for minimizing excess sludge

Sludge reduction is a major challenge in biological wastewater treatment. Hydrolytic enzymes secreted by thermophilic bacteria can lyse sludge and thus achieve sludge reduction, and the indigenous thermophilic community in sludge can lyse sludge more effectively. In this study, the feasibility of combining a sludge lysis reactor based on thermophilic bacteria community (LTBC reactor, 75 degrees C) with a conventional sequencing batch activated sludge reactor (SBR) for sludge reduction (i.e., LTBC-SBR process) was systematically investigated first time. The effect of lysed sludge returning to the biochemical tank on pollutant removal efficiency, sludge floc-culation, sludge settling, and microbial community and function of the LTBC-SBR process was studied. In the LTBC1-SBR process, a sludge growth rate of 0.71 g TSS/day was observed when the lysed sludge reflux ratio (LRR) was 1, and the sludge generation was reduced by 81.5% compared to the conventional SBR reactor. In the LTBC1-SBR process, the removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand and total nitrogen were 94.0% and 80.5%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the sludge volume index from the SBR to the LTBC1- SBR stage, however, the effluent suspended solids concentration increased from 35.2 +/- 2.1 mg/L to 80.1 +/- 5.3 mg/L. This was attributed to the reflux of sludge lysate. In addition, the changes in extracellular polymers content and composition resulted in poor sludge flocculation performance. Heterotrophic bacteria associated with Actinobacteria and Patescibacteria enriched in LTBC1-SBR with relative abundance of 28.51 +/- 1.25% and 20.01 +/- 1.21%, respectively, which decomposed the macromolecules in the refluxed lysed sludge and contrib-uted to the sludge reduction. Furthermore, due to the inhibition of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, the nitrite con-centration in the effluent of the LTBC1-SBR system reached 4.7 +/- 1.1 mg/L, and part of the denitrification process was achieved by short-cut nitrification and simultaneous denitrification. These results indicate that in -situ sludge reduction technology based on lyse sludge lysing by thermophilic community has considerable po-tential to be widely used in wastewater treatment.