Conventional technologies and recent developments in the nanotechnological approach for the remediation of persistent organic pollutants

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are one of the important concerns in the environmental sciences and ecotoxicology fields. Various deadly illnesses and environmental problems are caused by them. It is a major issue in society that there are no new and effective ways to eliminate POPs from the atmosphere. Nanotechnology is a rapidly developing area that has uses in every aspect of life. A lot of attention is being paid to the investigation of novel synthetic methods for shaping and controlling the size of nanomaterials due to their outstanding uses and qualities. One of the most significant groups of nanoparticles is the magnetic nanoparticles. A novel class of magnetic separation techniques for water treatment has been made possible through the utilization of magnetic nanoparticles as nano adsorbents. Our aim in this study is to give a concise, focused review of POP, emphasize the sources, types, and potentially hazardous impacts they have on living organisms, and to offer some observations on their detection and monitoring strategies. To draw attention to certain significant conventional removal technologies and recent developments including nanotechnology, magnetic nanoparticles, and their synthesis. Finally, hybrid nanotechnology for POP removal has been investigated. HIGHLIGHTS Sources, types, and effects of persistent organic pollutants (POP) were discussed. Monitoring and detection methods of POP have been reviewed. Traditional removal technologies of POP were elucidated. Recent innovations in the removal technologies of POP were explored. Hybrid technology for POP removal was addressed.