Measuring the cosmic X-ray background accurately

被引:4
作者
Li, Hancheng [1 ]
Walter, Roland [1 ]
Produit, Nicolas [1 ]
Hubert, Fiona [2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Geneva, Dept Astron, 16 Chemin Ecogia, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland
[2] EPF Ecole Ingn E S, 55 Ave President Wilson, FR-94230 Cachan, France
基金
瑞士国家科学基金会;
关键词
Instrumentation center dot Detectors; X-rays center dot Diffuse background; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; ABSORBED AGNS; CHANDRA; SPECTRUM; EVOLUTION; SCINTILLATORS; POPULATION; INTENSITY; EMISSION;
D O I
10.1007/s10686-023-09896-7
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
Synthesis Synthesis models of the diffuse Cosmic X-ray Background (CXB) suggest that it can be resolved into discrete sources, primarily Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs). Measuring the CXB accurately offers a unique probe to study the AGN population in the nearby Universe. Current hard X-ray instruments suffer from the time-dependent background and cross-calibration issues. As a result, their measurements of the CXB normalization have an uncertainty of the order of similar to 15%. In this paper, we present the concept and simulated performances of a CXB detector, which could be operated on different platforms. With a 16-Unit CubeSat mission running for more than two years in space, such a detector could measure the CXB normalization with similar to 1% uncertainty.
引用
收藏
页码:141 / 170
页数:30
相关论文
共 50 条
[1]   A new measurement of the cosmic X-ray background [J].
Moretti, A. ;
Pagani, C. ;
Cusumano, G. ;
Campana, S. ;
Perri, M. ;
Abbey, A. ;
Ajello, M. ;
Beardmore, A. P. ;
Burrows, D. ;
Chincarini, G. ;
Godet, O. ;
Guidorzi, C. ;
Hill, J. E. ;
Kennea, J. ;
Nousek, J. ;
Osborne, J. P. ;
Tagliaferri, G. .
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2009, 493 (02) :501-509
[2]   Mildly obscured active galaxies and the cosmic X-ray background [J].
Esposito, V. ;
Walter, R. .
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2016, 590
[3]   A New Measurement of the Cosmic X-ray Background [J].
Moretti, A. .
SIMBOL-X: FOCUSING ON THE HARD X-RAY UNIVERSE, 2009, 1126 :223-226
[4]   Measuring the Cosmic X-Ray Background in 3-20 KeV with Stray Light from NuSTAR [J].
Rossland, Steven ;
Wik, Daniel R. ;
Grefenstette, Brian ;
Cappelluti, Nico ;
Civano, Francesca ;
Gastaldello, Fabio ;
Gilli, Roberto ;
Harrison, Fiona ;
Hornschemeier, Ann ;
Hickox, Ryan ;
Krivonos, Roman ;
Madsen, Kristin ;
Molendi, Silvano ;
Ptak, Andrew ;
Stern, Daniel ;
Zoglauer, Andreas .
ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL, 2023, 166 (01)
[5]   The high energy X-ray probe (HEX-P): bringing the cosmic X-ray background into focus [J].
Civano, F. ;
Zhao, X. ;
Boorman, P. G. ;
Marchesi, S. ;
Ananna, T. ;
Creech, S. ;
Chen, C. -t. ;
Hickox, R. C. ;
Stern, D. ;
Madsen, K. ;
Garcia, J. A. ;
Silver, R. ;
Aird, J. ;
Alexander, D. M. ;
Balokovic, M. ;
Brandt, W. N. ;
Buchner, J. ;
Gandhi, P. ;
Kammoun, E. ;
Lamassa, S. ;
Lanzuisi, G. ;
Merloni, A. ;
Moretti, A. ;
Nandra, K. ;
Nardini, E. ;
Pizzetti, A. ;
Puccetti, S. ;
Pfeifle, R. W. ;
Ricci, C. ;
Spiga, D. ;
Torres-Alba, N. .
FRONTIERS IN ASTRONOMY AND SPACE SCIENCES, 2024, 11
[6]   A cosmic UV/X-ray background model update [J].
Faucher-Giguere, Claude-Andre .
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 2020, 493 (02) :1614-1632
[7]   NuSTAR measurement of the cosmic X-ray background in the 3-20 keV energy band [J].
Krivonos, Roman ;
Wik, Daniel ;
Grefenstette, Brian ;
Madsen, Kristin ;
Perez, Kerstin ;
Rossland, Steven ;
Sazonov, Sergey ;
Zoglauer, Andreas .
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 2021, 502 (03) :3966-3975
[8]   About the measurements of the hard X-ray background [J].
Bisnovatyi-Kogan, G. S. ;
Pozanenko, A. S. .
ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE, 2011, 332 (01) :57-63
[9]   THE NuSTAR EXTRAGALACTIC SURVEYS: THE NUMBER COUNTS OF ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI AND THE RESOLVED FRACTION OF THE COSMIC X-RAY BACKGROUND [J].
Harrison, F. A. ;
Aird, J. ;
Civano, F. ;
Lansbury, G. ;
Mullaney, J. R. ;
Ballantyne, D. R. ;
Alexander, D. M. ;
Stern, D. ;
Ajello, M. ;
Barret, D. ;
Bauer, F. E. ;
Balokovic, M. ;
Brandt, W. N. ;
Brightman, M. ;
Boggs, S. E. ;
Christensen, F. E. ;
Comastri, A. ;
Craig, W. W. ;
Del Moro, A. ;
Forster, K. ;
Gandhi, P. ;
Giommi, P. ;
Grefenstette, B. W. ;
Hailey, C. J. ;
Hickox, R. C. ;
Hornstrup, A. ;
Kitaguchi, T. ;
Koglin, J. ;
Luo, B. ;
Madsen, K. K. ;
Mao, P. H. ;
Miyasaka, H. ;
Mori, K. ;
Perri, M. ;
Pivovaroff, M. ;
Puccetti, S. ;
Rana, V. ;
Treister, E. ;
Walton, D. ;
Westergaard, N. J. ;
Wik, D. ;
Zappacosta, L. ;
Zhang, W. W. ;
Zoglauer, A. .
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2016, 831 (02)
[10]   BALANCING THE COSMIC ENERGY BUDGET: THE COSMIC X-RAY BACKGROUND, BLAZARS, AND THE COMPTON THICK ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS FRACTION [J].
Draper, A. R. ;
Ballantyne, D. R. .
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2009, 707 (01) :778-786