Not-So-Sweet Dreams: Plasma and IgG N-Glycome in the Severe Form of the Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent disease associated with increased risk for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and shortened lifespan. The aim of this study was to explore the possibility of using N-glycome as a biomarker for the severe form of OSA. Seventy subjects who underwent a whole-night polysomnography/polygraphy and had apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) over 30 were compared to 23 controls (AHI under 5). Plasma samples were used to extract 39 glycan peaks using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and 27 IgG peaks using capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE). We also measured glycan age, a molecular proxy for biological aging. Three plasma and one IgG peaks were significant in a multivariate model controlling for the effects of age, sex, and body mass index. These included decreased GP24 (disialylated triantennary glycans as major structure) and GP28 (trigalactosylated, triantennary, disialylated, and trisialylated glycans), and increased GP32 (trisialylated triantennary glycan). Only one IgG glycan peak was significantly increased (P26), which contains biantennary digalactosylated glycans with core fucose. Patients with severe OSA exhibited accelerated biological aging, with a median of 6.9 years more than their chronological age (p < 0.001). Plasma N-glycome can be used as a biomarker for severe OSA.