New nurses' experience during a two year transition period to clinical practice: A phenomenological study

Background: New nurses' clinical competency is a central concern across the world. The China Health and Planning Commission proposed an "Outline of transition programs for newly graduated nurses (try out)" to promote the new nurses' clinical competency within the first two years. Compared with the transition program in other countries, the one in China is longer. New nurses' experiences in their transition to practice were not fully explored in China. Their lived experience may inform the better transition program in China and other countries. Objective: To explore the experience of new nurses during the two-year transition period to clinical practice.Design: A descriptive phenomenological study.Methods: Face-to-face, semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted in two teaching hospitals in China to interview 14 nurses within three months after the completion of transition. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi's seven-step data analysis method,which includes familiarization, identifying significant statements, formulating meanings, clustering themes, developing an exhaustive description, producing the fundamental structure, and seeking verification (1978). Tape-recording and observational notes were taken and typed word by word. Two researchers verified the verbatim transcripts.Results: Five categories and 15 theme clusters were identified: 1. Challenge: early-stage stress and anxiety; perceived change of mentality and self-reflection; 2. Response: self-encouragement; self-compulsion, tolerance, adaptation; peer support and affirmation; 3. Growth: overall clinical competency improvement; perceived har-vesting; nursing skills improvement; knowledge enhancement; 4. Reflection: self-inadequacy; rotation benefits; the merits of different departments; lack sense of belonging; and 5. Expectation: desire to be treated equally; hope to have more opportunities.Conclusions: The findings of our study suggested that support was most needed while the new nurses were facing challenges in the early stage to promote their sense of belonging. In addition, more systematic learning op-portunities are needed to maximize learning for NGNs with different nursing degrees.