Structural Reconstruction of Hydrothermally Grown BaTiO3 Nanoparticles Based on High-Resolution Synchrotron Powder X-ray Diffraction

Barium titanate (BaTiO3) is a versatile materialforindustrial and research purposes owing to its various and excellentproperties, including its ferroelectricity. The demand for ultrafineBaTiO(3) nanoparticles via a robust synthesis route capableof mass production, such as hydrothermal reactions, has increasedowing to the rapid advancement of highly integrated electronic components.In this study, BaTiO3 nanopowders smaller than 150 nm aresynthesized using a facile hydrothermal method to obtain ultrafineand highly uniform nanoparticles. The synthesized nanopowders areanalyzed via high-resolution synchrotron powder X-ray diffractionexperiments. Based on Rietveld refinement studies, a three-phase compositemodel is shown to be reasonable for investigating the nanopowders.The analytical results are summarized in detail for a set of BaTiO3 nanopowders. Nanoparticles are reconstructed based on thethicknesses obtained from the calculated phase weight fractions foreach case. The crystal structures of hydrothermallysynthesized BaTiO3 nanopowders were investigated by high-resolutionsynchrotronX-ray diffraction and a Rietveld Refinement study with higher reliabilityfactors based on the three-phase model.