Extraction of bioactive compounds from Lion's Mane mushroom by-product using supercritical CO2 extraction

Supercritical fluid extraction using CO2 (SCFE-CO2) was used to examine extraction efficiency of bioactive compounds from irregular-shaped Lion's Mane (LM) mushroom by-products. Optimal SCFE-CO2 conditions (46.38 degrees C, 100 bar, and 0.99 mL/min of EtOH flow rate) for maximum yield (a mass fraction of 11.64%), ergosterol (3.74 mg/g dried LM), total phenolic content, TPC (815.93 mu g GAE/g dried LM), and antioxidant activity (42.97 mu g TE/g dried LM) were determined using following parameters: temperature (40 degrees C to 60 degrees C), pressure (100 bar to 300 bar), and EtOH flow rate (0 mL/min to 1 mL/min). EtOH flow rate was a key factor in raising extraction yield and quality. SCFE-CO2 was equally effective compared to conventional extraction (Maceration) for LM, as there were no significant differences (p >= 0.05) in yield, ergosterol content, TPC, or antioxidant activity. This green extraction technology could be an excellent alternative method for recovering bioactive compounds from medicinal mushrooms.