Charging of free-falling test masses in orbit due to cosmic rays: Results from LISA Pathfinder

被引：16

作者：

Armano, M.

Audley, H.

Baird, J.

Binetruy, P.

Born, M.

Bortoluzzi, D.

Castelli, E.

Cavalleri, A.

Cesarini, A.

Cruise, A. M.

Danzmann, K.

Silva, M. de Deus

Diepholz, I.

Dixon, G.

Dolesi, R.

Ferraioli, L.

Ferroni, V.

Fitzsimons, E. D.

Freschi, M.

GIardini, L.

Gibert, F.

Giusteri, R.

Grimani, C.

Grzymisch, J.

Harrison, I.

Hartig, M. -s.

Heinzel, G.

Hewitson, M.

Hollington, D.

Hoyland, D.

Hueller, M.

Inchauspe, H.

Jennrich, O.

Jetzer, P.

Karnesis, N.

Kaune, B.

Killow, C. J.

Korsakova, N.

Lobo, J. A.

Lopez-Zaragoza, J. P.

Maarschalkerweerd, R.

Mance, D.

Martin, V.

Martino, J.

Martin-Polo, L.

Martin-Porqueras, F.

McNamara, P. W.

Mendes, J.

Mendes, L.

Meshksar, N.

机构：

[1] European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, Noordwijk

[2] Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, Hannover

[3] Université Paris Cité, Cnrs, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Paris

[4] Irfu, Cea, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette

[5] Department of Industrial Engineering, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, Trento

[6] Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, Povo, Trento

[7] Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, CNR-Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Povo, Trento

[8] Dispea, Università di Urbino "carlo Bo", Via Santa Chiara, 27/INFN, Urbino

[9] The School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham

[10] European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid

[11] Institut für Geophysik, Eth Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, Zürich

[12] The Uk Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory, Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh

[13] Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, Cerdanyola del Vallès

[14] European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, Darmstadt

[15] Physics Department, High Energy Physics Group, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London

[16] Physik Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich

[17] Supa, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow

[18] Department d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona

[19] Gravitational Astrophysics Laboratory, Nasa Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, 20771, MD

[20] Department of Physics, University of Florida, P.O. Box 118440, Gainesville, 32611, FL

[21] Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, MAE-A, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116250, Gainesville, 32611, FL

来源：

PHYSICAL REVIEW D | 2023年 / 107卷 / 06期

基金：

瑞士国家科学基金会; 美国国家航空航天局;

关键词：

SIMULATION;

D O I：

10.1103/PhysRevD.107.062007

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

A comprehensive summary of the measurements made to characterize test-mass charging due to the space environment during the LISA Pathfinder mission is presented. Measurements of the residual charge of the test mass after release by the grabbing and positioning mechanism show that the initial charge of the test masses was negative after all releases, leaving the test mass with a potential in the range from -12 to -512. Variations in the neutral test-mass charging rate between 21.7 and 30.7 e s-1 were observed over the course of the 17-month science operations produced by cosmic ray flux changes including a Forbush decrease associated with a small solar energetic particle event. A dependence of the cosmic ray charging rate on the test-mass potential between -30.2 and -40.3 e s-1 V-1 was observed resulting in an equilibrium test-mass potential between 670 and 960 mV, and this is attributed to a contribution to charging from low-energy electrons emitted from the gold surfaces of the gravitational reference sensor. Data from the onboard particle detector show a reliable correlation with the charging rate and with other environmental monitors of the cosmic ray flux. This correlation is exploited to extrapolate test-mass charging rates to a 20-year period giving useful insight into the expected range of charging rate that may be observed in the LISA mission.

引用

页数：13

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