Fostering a research integrity culture: Actionable advice for institutions

Research institutions' research culture is increasingly recognized as a central driver of research integrity. Institutions are urged to develop research integrity promotion plans to foster a culture of research integrity. A host of guidelines and associated initiatives have been issued but specific, actionable recommendations for institutions are scattered across the scientific literature and generally not acknowledged and implemented (yet). Based on a broad literature review, in the current paper some practical advice for institutions is suggested, grouped into (1) policies, procedures, and processes; (2) dealing with breaches of research integrity; (3) education and training; and (4) monitoring and evaluation. With each section, we formulate specific recommendations.