A survey of machine learning for Network-on-Chips

The popularity of Machine Learning (ML) has extended to numerous disciplines, including the domain of Network-on-chips (NoCs), leading to a consequential impact. Recent works have explored ML models' appli-cability for NoCs design, optimization, and performance evaluation. ML-based NoCs design has demonstrated superior performance to heuristic methods employed by human experts in NoCs design. This has facilitated a tight collaboration between ML and NoCs research, offering novel perspectives and optimization strategies to advance NoCs design. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey into implementing ML techniques for NoCs. Initially, we provide an overview of ML-based research for NoCs in two aspects: (i) the adoption of ML for performance modeling and prediction and (ii) ML-based for NoCs design, including individual components (such as routing algorithm, arbitration, traffic control, etc.). Subsequently, we summarize the challenges and difficulties in designing NoCs for applying ML techniques and discuss the preliminary solutions to these issues. Finally, we prospect the perspective on future research directions for expanding the application of ML techniques to diverse scenarios of NoCs, exploring the adoption of ML techniques for NoCs design automation. We expect this paper can be helpful for design experts to optimize NoCs using ML techniques, leading to high-performance, energy-efficient, and easy-to-implement NoCs.