Utilization of experimental and theoretical piezoresponse of BTO nanocrystal for rapid decomposition of the pathogenic coliform bacteria

Currently, more attention is being paid to new and innovative techniques for combating issues like the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains (MDRs), the proliferation of biofilms, and the failure of antibiotics. In order to combat this, scientists are nowadays exploring different activable and responsive materials. Nano-sized barium titanate is a material that has an excellent piezo-responsive nature. The synthesis of perovskite barium titanate (BTO) nanoparticles by a nonconventional solvothermal method with exceptional piezo and ferroelectric properties is reported in this work. The synthesized BTO nanoparticles were well-characterized using different tools such as XRD, FTIR, TGA, electron microscopy, and UV-Vis spectroscopy, and the microstructure was analyzed using theoretical Rietveld refinement studies to substantiate the proper formation of the BTO nanostructure. Two different phases of BTO nanoparticles are observed after the refinement. Then, the piezoelectric effectiveness was further estimated by theoretical density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The catalytic behavior of the nanoparticles in bacteria has been studied for the degradation of Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Enterococcus faecalis cells using an ultrasonically driven piezocatalytic effect. A promising value in bacterial eradication was depicted by the antibacterial efficacy observed herein, with a few minutes of soft ultrasound (15 kHz) generating an enormous number of reactive radicals (ROS). The result of this study could aid in generating new dimensions in antibacterial therapy.