Wood Derived Flexible and Spongy Architectures for Advanced Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion

Wood-based flexible and porous architectures are currently receiving extensive attention in the development of flexible devices. The unique water adsorption properties of natural wood enable rapid and spontaneous water uptake, leading to concentration differences that facilitate the diffusion of ions with opposite charges. This article gives a summary of the differences between flexible and porous architectures made from natural wood. It also gives a detailed look at the porous architecture, which is made up of nanochannels, low-tortuosity channels, and single-atom sites to improve the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors, metal-air batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, and lithium-oxide batteries. Moreover, the processing approaches that utilize cell wall engineering to transform flat wood sheets into adaptable 3D structures such as flexible films and foams are described. Finally, some existing challenges and future perspectives faced by wood-based flexible and spongy architectures for electrochemical energy conversion and storage are described. Focusing on their micro/nanostructure, structure engineering strategies, and electrochemical performance, this article reviews recent developments in wood and its derivatives for flexible and spongy architecture for advanced energy storage and conversions such as supercapacitors, water splitting, capacitive deionization, and rechargeable batteries.image