The Sailfin Catfish (Pterygoplichthys spp.) as a non-native aquarium pet: assessment of the potential distribution and public perception

The Sailfin Catfish of the genus Pterygoplichthys is a popular aquarium pet distributed and sold globally through the ornamental pet trade. Pterygoplichthys spp. have established stable populations in various freshwater ecosystems following aquarium pet owners' deliberate introduction in the regions outside their native range (South America). Colonisations of Pterygoplichthys spp. in multiple areas of India and Bangladesh were reported along with frequent catches with the aquacultural fish hauls and subsequent adverse effects on the socio-economy and ecosystem functions. In the present study, we identified the suitable habitats of Pterygoplichthys spp. using species distribution modelling (SDM) based on global and regional occurrence data considering India and Bangladesh as focal areas. Along with literature surveys and online databases, we used social media platforms to gather additional occurrence data for SDM. In addition, the social media platforms were used to conduct an online survey to assess the public perception regarding using Pterygoplichthys spp. as an aquarium pet and subsequent release to natural waterbodies. The results of SDM indicated that several areas of India and the whole of Bangladesh are high to moderately suitable for Pterygoplichthys spp. colonisation and range expansion which can be prioritised for effective restoration and management. It is evident from people's perception that raising awareness among the public about the potential impacts of invasive species on the concerned ecosystems may help reduce or stop further deliberate non-native species introductions to natural habitats.