Prenatal Attachment and Mental Well-Being Among Expectant Fathers Amidst COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has posed significant threats to global physical and mental health, notably impacting the psychological management of pregnancy. The mental health of parents plays a critical role in fostering the emotional bond with their unborn child, referred to as prenatal attachment. Despite the significance of this bond, research has primarily concentrated on maternal outcomes, often neglecting the paternal aspect during the pandemic. This study investigates the correlation between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) risk perception and paternal prenatal attachment, further exploring the mediating role of well-being within this association. Methods A total of 141 expectant fathers attending the gynecology and obstetrics outpatient clinic with their partners were recruited. Participants completed measures including the Paternal Antenatal Attachment Scale (PAAS), the World Health Organization Well-being Index (WHO-5), and the COVID-19 Perceived Risk Scale (CPRS). Results Data analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between COVID-19 risk perception and well-being (f3 =-.34, p < .001). There was a positive correlation between well-being and prenatal attachment (f3 = .37, p = .002). The prenatal attachment was also positively linked to COVID-19 risk perception (f3 = .20, p = .047). Furthermore, well-being mediated the relationship between COVID-19 risk perception and prenatal attachment. Conclusion The findings underscore the potential of the COVID-19 risk perception to disrupt the prenatal attachment process for expectant fathers by interfering with psychological well-being. However, it can also promote prenatal attachment through various mechanisms. Consequently, acknowledging and understanding the experiences of fathers during pregnancy is of paramount importance. Future longitudinal studies are necessitated to examine the parent-child relationship dynamics that have evolved under the influence of the pandemic.