Drift diffusion modelling of cell parameters effect on the performance of perovskite solar cells with MXene as additives

Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs) are one of the most promising photovoltaic technologies, with rapid efficiency improvement in a short time. In recent years PSCs attained a maximum efficiency of nearly 30 %. The ability to fine-tune the performance of the perovskite layer through additives and surface modifications has been a sig-nificant factor in its recent development. A few key parameters influence the efficiency of PSCs and one such crucial parameter is the surface recombination, which needs to be minimized to improve the efficiency. This work has demonstrated that the surface recombination can be minimized by adding Ti3C2 MXene in the MAPbI3 layer of the PSCs. The addition of MXene helps increase the collection of holes from HTL, thereby reducing the recombination rate and improving cell efficiency. The substitution of MXene into the layers was simulated using SCAPS-1D software, and the results were calculated. Various potential ETL, Active layer material combinations and counter electrodes were incorporated into the simulation and the results were compared. This work can provide valuable insight into selecting suitable materials for practical research on PSCs.