Foliated Transport Networks in Intermodal Freight Transport

Foliated transport networks represent a concept that aims to improve the efficiency of the transport system by combining direct connections and hub and spoke design. In addition to combining these designs, a foliated transport network requires a high level of dynamic planning and control, as well as optimisation of goods and resources between the different network layers. It highlights the advantages of individual transport network designs and minimizes their weaknesses, ultimately leading to better performance of the foliated system than the individual options. The purpose of this paper is to describe the basic models of the freight transport network and the benefits of connecting these models. This survey paper aims to provide an overview of previous research in the field of foliated transport networks and to provide future research guidelines in this field that include the application of this model in intermodal transport.