Secondary oxalate nephropathy and kidney transplantation

Purpose of reviewSecondary hyperoxaluria is associated with poor kidney allograft outcomes after the kidney transplant. Calcium oxalate (CaOx) deposition is common in early allograft biopsies leading to acute tubular necrosis and poor kidney allograft function. Though treatment options for secondary hyperoxaluria are limited, it is crucial to identify patients at increased risk of oxalate nephropathy after the transplant.Recent findingsRecent data suggest that significant changes in renal replacement therapies and dietary modifications in high-risk patients can prevent kidney allograft damage from the calcium oxalate deposition leading to improve allograft outcomes.The accurate and timely diagnosis of secondary oxalate nephropathy in kidney transplant recipients is paramount to preserving graft function in the long-term. This review will discuss the incidence, risk factors, prevention, and management of oxalate nephropathy in the kidney allograft.