Digitally supported shared decision-making and treat-to-target in rheumatology: a qualitative study embedded in a multicenter randomized controlled trial

Patient-reported outcomes (PRO) represent a cornerstone in the management of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, PRO are currently recorded mainly on paper and only during on-site appointments. Electronic PRO (ePRO) enable continuous remote monitoring and could improve shared decision-making (SDM) and implementation of a treat-to-target (T2T) approach. This study aims to investigate patient and physician experiences, perceived drawbacks and benefits of using an ePRO web-app (ABATON RA) to digitally support SDM and T2T. A qualitative study embedded in a multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT) consisting of interviews with RA patients and physicians that were subsequently analyzed using deductive-inductive qualitative content analysis. Between August 2021 and May 2022, interviews with ten RA patients and five physicians were completed. Three key themes emerged in the analysis: (i) App user experiences; (ii) perceived drawbacks of app-supported rheumatology care; and (iii) perceived benefits of app-supported rheumatology care. Continuous ePRO collection and a high level of standardization strained some RA patients. Certain ePRO seemed outdated and were hard to understand. Patients and physicians appreciated having an improved overview of disease activity, capturing disease flares and continuous remote monitoring. Paper- and time-saving were associated with using ePRO. Physicians feared to become too focused on ePRO data, stressed the lack of ePRO monitoring reimbursement and app interoperability. For RA patients and physicians, benefits seemed to outweigh observed drawbacks of the digitally supported SDM using ePRO. The software was easy to use and could lead to a better understanding of the individual disease course, resource allocation and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.