Printed Biosensors for the Detection of Alzheimer's Disease Based on Blood Biomarkers

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder, and early diagnosis plays a crucial role in its prevention and treatment. In recent years, blood-based biomarkers for early AD diagnosis have gained attention due to their non-invasiveness and minimal adverse reactions, which make them an attractive approach. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, visiting large medical examination centers for blood tests has become increasingly challenging. The trend is shifting towards community or home-based sampling, which relies on the development and application of portable, miniaturized, and highly sensitive sensors. Among the various sensors used for detecting blood biomarkers in AD, printed sensors demonstrate great potential in AD blood biomarker detection due to their ease of miniaturization, scalability for mass production, and compatibility with various detection methods. In this review, we focus on discussing the application of printed sensors in the analysis of blood biomarkers for AD. We also explore the challenges faced by printed sensors in early diagnosis based on AD blood biomarkers and propose potential solutions to address these challenges.