Construction Risk Assessment of Yellow River Bridges Based on Combined Empowerment Method and Two-Dimensional Cloud Model

(1) In recent years, the economy of the Yellow River basin in China has developed rapidly, and a series of large bridges across the Yellow River have been built on both sides of the Yellow River, which has brought great convenience to regional socio-economic activities. However, risk events are prone to occur during the construction of bridges across the Yellow River, which affect the safety of the bridges' structure. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a new scientific risk assessment system for the construction safety of bridges across the Yellow River. (2) Methods: Firstly, based on the construction safety risk assessment index system of bridges across the Yellow River, the cloud AHP method and the cloud entropy weight method are used to determine the subjective weight and objective weight of risk indexes, and then the game theory combination weighting method is used to determine the comprehensive weight of each risk index, and then the digital characteristic values of the risk probability cloud and the consequence cloud are calculated and input into the forward cloud generator algorithm. MATLAB was used to generate a two-dimensional comprehensive cloud map, which was visually compared with the standard cloud map, and the probability level and consequence level of each risk index were preliminarily obtained. Finally, the risk assessment matrix was used for comprehensive risk evaluation. (3) Results: Applying the method to the construction safety risk assessment of the Jiaoping Expressway, the overall construction safety risk level of the Yellow River bridge was determined as level 4, and the risk levels of the four primary indicators were: personnel risk (level 3), material and equipment risk (level 4), construction technology risk (level 5), and construction environment risk (level 4). (4) Conclusions: The results of the risk evaluation are consistent with the actual construction state of the bridge, which shows that game theory's combination of empowerment with a two-dimensional cloud model is scientific and effective when applied to the construction safety risk evaluation of Yellow River bridges.