Wool Fabric Dyeing with Natural Dye Extracted from Cinnamomum verum J. Presl Fruit

Given today's market requirements and the growing awareness of producers and consumers about problems caused by synthetic dyes, natural dyes are a cost-effective and sustainable alternative for textile dyeing since they are highly biodegradable and pose a low risk to the environment and human health. Cinnamomum verum J. Presl is an evergreen tree whose fruit contains anthocyanin derivatives that can be used as a fabric dye. In this study, wool dyeing using natural dye extracted from the fruit of Cinnamomum verum J. Presl was evaluated to determine optimum dyeing conditions, such as temperature, pH level, and dyeing time and dyed samples through color intensity and the potassium alum mordant influence in the fastness to washing of dyed fabric, based on a colorimetric analysis performed in a spectrophotometer using the CIELab system. The conditions that resulted in the highest color intensity were pH 4, 100 degree celsius, and a dyeing time of 60 min and were used to study the dyeing kinetics and balance of the dyeing process based on adsorption isotherms. It was found that the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation best represents the kinetics of wool dyeing and that it involves the chemical adsorption process. The Langmuir-Freundlich adsorption isotherm best fitted the experimental data, indicating that chemical adsorption significantly contributes to a monolayer. The results showed that the extract of Cinnamomum verum J. Presl fruit is a promising natural dye source for wool.