Recent developments in heterogeneous electrocatalysts for ambient nitrogen reduction to ammonia: Activity, challenges, and future perspectives

被引:85
作者
Mushtaq, Muhammad Asim [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Arif, Muhammad [4 ]
Yasin, Ghulam [3 ,5 ]
Tabish, Mohammad [3 ]
Kumar, Anuj [6 ]
Ibraheem, Shumaila [5 ]
Ye, Wen [7 ]
Ajmal, Saira [5 ]
Zhao, Jie [5 ]
Li, Pengyan [1 ,2 ]
Liu, Jianfang [3 ]
Saad, Ali [8 ,9 ]
Fang, Xiaoyu [1 ,2 ]
Cai, Xingke [5 ]
Ji, Shengfu [3 ]
Yan, Dongpeng [1 ,2 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Chem, Beijing Key Lab Energy Convers & Storage Mat, Minist Educ, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China
[2] Beijing Normal Univ, Key Lab Radiopharmaceut, Minist Educ, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China
[3] Beijing Univ Chem Technol, State Key Lab Chem Resource Engn, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China
[4] Khwaja Fareed Univ Engn & Informat Technol, Dept Chem Engn, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Punjab, Pakistan
[5] Shenzhen Univ, Inst Adv Study, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, Peoples R China
[6] GLA Univ, Dept Chem, Nanotechnol Res Lab, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
[7] Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Basic Expt Ctr Nat Sci, Dept Phys Chem, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China
[8] Aarhus Univ, Ctr Water Technol WATEC, DK-368000 Aarhus C, Denmark
[9] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, DK-368000 Aarhus C, Denmark
基金
中国国家自然科学基金;
关键词
Electrocatalysis; Nitrogen reduction reactions; Ammonia production; Heterogeneous catalysts; Ambient conditions; LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDE; SINGLE-ATOM CATALYSTS; HYDROGEN EVOLUTION; N-2; REDUCTION; EFFICIENT ELECTROCATALYST; OXYGEN REDUCTION; NANOSHEET ARRAY; ELECTROREDUCTION; PERFORMANCE; FIXATION;
D O I
10.1016/j.rser.2023.113197
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Ammonia (NH3) plays a significant role in fertilizer production to support the ever-increasing population and serves as a renewable energy carrier as well as a zero-carbon emission fuel. Currently, NH3 is produced by a non-sustainable and highly energy-intensive process. Among the available alternatives, the electrochemical nitrogen reduction reactions (NRR) has attracted attention due to the compact and on-site electrolytic cells that can operate from solar or wind power under ambient conditions but still suffer from relatively low Faraday efficiency and NH3 yields. For the commercialization of electrocatalytic NRR, a catalytic material demonstrating a FE-50% and an NH3 yield rate of-10-6 mol s- 1 cm -2 is suggested. Various strategies, including amorphization, structural engineering, catalyst-support interactions and hydrogen evolution suppression over catalytic mate-rials, have been presented to enhance the electrocatalytic NRR. In this review, the current progress of various identified NRR electrocatalysts (including metal carbides, nitrides, oxides, phosphides, sulfides, selenides, bo-rides, bimetallic materials, metal-organic frameworks, and metal-free materials) is summarized by collectively focusing on both theoretical analysis and experimental investigations. For further development of rational cat-alysts, a collaboration of theoretical and experimental studies, advanced characterization techniques, under-standing of the electrocatalytic mechanism, efficient screening systems, and precise detection methods are needed. Specially designed electrocatalysts can improve NRR activity by regulating the cathodic reactions. The challenges and future perspectives have been described with special emphasis on various transition metal-based electrocatalysts for N2 fixation.
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页数:26
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