KCFS-YOLOv5: A High-Precision Detection Method for Object Detection in Aerial Remote Sensing Images

Aerial remote sensing image object detection, based on deep learning, is of great significance in geological resource exploration, urban traffic management, and military strategic information. To improve intractable problems in aerial remote sensing image, we propose a high-precision object detection method based on YOLOv5 for aerial remote sensing image. The object detection method is called KCFS-YOLOv5. To obtain the appropriate anchor box, we used the K-means++ algorithm to optimize the initial clustering points. To further enhance the feature extraction and fusion ability of the backbone network, we embedded the Coordinate Attention (CA) in the backbone network of YOLOv5 and introduced the Bidirectional Feature Pyramid Network (BiFPN) in the neck network of conventional YOLOv5. To improve the detection precision of tiny objects, we added a new tiny object detection head based on the conventional YOLOv5. To reduce the deviation between the predicted box and the ground truth box, we used the SIoU Loss function. Finally, we fused and adjusted the above improvement points and obtained high-precision detection method: KCFS-YOLOv5. This detection method was evaluated on three datasets (NWPU VHR-10, RSOD, and UCAS-AOD-CAR). The comparative experiment results demonstrate that our KCFS-YOLOv5 has the highest accuracy for the object detection in aerial remote sensing image.