L-arabinose exerts probiotic functions by improving gut microbiota and metabolism in vivo and in vitro

Prior investigations have primarily focused on the impact of L-arabinose on gut microbiota, with limited exploration into the dual mechanisms of L-arabinose on microbiota and metabolism both in vivo and in vitro. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the anti-inflammatory effects of 5 % L-arabinose under different diet in mice. Additionally, a colon simulation system (CDMN) with utilizing 1.72 % (w/v) L-arabinose in the lumen and mucus layers, to provide further insights into the underlying mechanisms. The results revealed that L-arabinose significantly altered the gut microbiome structure, particularly elevating Bifidobacterium and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) both in vivo and in vitro. Subsequent in vitro experiments confirmed that L-arabinose increased the relative abundance of SCFAs-producing bacteria, facilitated linoleic acid metabolism, and enhanced downstream metabolites (12,13-DHOME, 9,10-DHOME), potentially mediated by Bifidobacterium in the descending colon. These findings underscore the role of L-arabinose in modulating intestinal flora and metabolism, thereby promoting intestinal and body health.