Modern Humans and Neanderthals Neurobiology Approach for its application in Cognitive Archaeology

It is presented the biological and neurological disciplines contribution to the elaboration of a psychobiological model for its application to the archaeological record, from the cognitive approach.Neurobiological data concerning our species and the investigation state about neanderthals, allow to elaborate a model about an important part of the mind's hardware. Cognition emerges as the combination product of inherited genetic information (biology) and the learned one (culture). The psychobiological model comprises, in addition, the neurological, psycological and anthropogical levels. As this continuum is climbed up, the border between biology and culture gets blurred.These lines focus on the inherited information pole, specially on the biology and neurology upon which culture will sculpt cognition. As a conclusion, it is suggested that neanderthals would have possessed a lower degree of hardware "maleability potential", which is trans-lated into a less fluent cognition and a less flexible behaviour.