Selenium, Selenoproteins and 10-year Cardiovascular Risk: Results from the ATTICA Study

Background Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element that is involved in several pathophysiological functions. The relationship of Se with cardiovascular disease remains inconclusive, especially regarding the role of different selenospecies. Objective The present study assessed the levels of Se distribution in plasma selenoproteins, namely glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3), selenoprotein P (SelP) and selenoalbumin (SeAlb) and total Se in selenoproteins in relation to 10-year cardiovascular risk in the ATTICA prospective study. Methods A sub-sample from the ATTICA Study's database, consisting of 278 subjects (114 women and 164 men) with data on Se and selenoproteins levels, was considered. SeGPx3, SelP, and SeAlb in human plasma were simultaneously determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) at baseline. The duration of the follow-up was 8.74 & PLUSMN;2.36 years (mean & PLUSMN; standard deviation) and cardiovascular outcomes were recorded. Cox proportional hazards models were applied with total Se or selenoprotein Se as independent variables adjusted for several covariates. Results Total Se in selenoproteins was positively related to 10-year relative risk of cardiovascular disease (Hazard Ratios of 3rd vs 2nd tertile 10.02, 95% CI:1.15, 92.34). Subjects with high Se but low SeGPx3, as identified by discordant percentiles in the distribution of SeGPx3 and Se, had a higher cardiovascular risk. Conclusion The differentiated effects of circulating selenoproteins on cardiovascular disease risk in the present study, suggest the importance of redox regulation by specific selenoproteins.