Antifungal Activity of Nontoxic Nanocomposite Based on Silver and Reduced Graphene Oxide against Dermatophytes and Candida spp

被引:2
作者
Gottardo, Bianca [1 ]
Zoccal, Andreza R. M. [1 ]
Maschio-Lima, Taiza [1 ]
Lemes, Thiago H. [1 ]
Paziani, Mario H. [2 ]
Kress, Marcia R. Von Zeska [3 ]
Perfecto, Tarcisio M.
Almeida, Margarete T. G. [4 ]
Volanti, Diogo P. [1 ]
机构
[1] Sao Paulo State Univ UNESP, Inst Biosci Humanities & Exact Sci, BR-15054000 Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
[2] Barao de Maua Univ Ctr BMUC, BR-14090062 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
[3] Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Pharmaceut Sci Ribeira Preto, BR-14040903 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
[4] Sao Jose Rio Preto Med Sch FAMERP, BR-15090000 Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
关键词
antimicrobial agents; antifungals; metal nanoparticles; in vivo tests; GREEN REDUCTION; AMPHOTERICIN-B; NANOPARTICLES; COMPOSITES; PARTICLES; TOXICITY; IMPACT; SHEETS; CHARGE;
D O I
10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00390
中图分类号
TB3 [工程材料学]; R318.08 [生物材料学];
学科分类号
0805 ; 080501 ; 080502 ;
摘要
Dermatomycoses are typical hair, skin, or nail infections caused mainly by dermatophytes and nondermatophytes: Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton, and Candida. In addition to the esthetical impact, pain, and nail deformity, these mycoses can be a source of severe disease. The high cost of treatment, toxicity, and the emergence of resistant infectious agents justifies research into new drugs. This work evaluates the fungicidal activity of nanocomposites (NCs) based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) loaded with silver (Ag) nanoparticles (rGO/Ag) against clinical isolates of dermatophytes and Candida species. This is an unprecedented study in which, for the first time, hybrid nanocompounds based on Ag/rGO were tested against Epidermophytom, Microsporum, and Trichophyton species (dermatophytes agents). In this paper, we synthesize rGO using different concentrations of Ag by hydrolysis of metal salt AgNO3 and follow the growth of nanocrystals on sheets of rGO provided by the NaBH4. The NCs were analyzed by X-ray diffraction analysis, and the NC morphology, silver distribution on the rGO surface, and crystalline information were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Antifungal susceptibility assay was performed by the microdilution method based on modified Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) protocol. Time-kill kinetics was conducted to monitor the effect of the composite to inhibit fungal cells or promote structural changes, avoiding germination. The toxicological evaluation of the NCs was born in an in vivo model based on Galleria mellonella (G. mellonella). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the rGO/Ag NCs ranged from 1.9 to 125 mu g/mL. The best inhibitory activity was obtained for rGO/Ag12%, mainly against Candida spp. and Epidermophyton floccosum. In the presence of sorbitol, MIC values of rGO/Ag NCs were higher (ranging from 15.6 to 250 mu g/mL), indicating the action mechanism on the cell wall. Both yeast and dermatophytes clinical isolates were inhibited at a minimum of 6 and 24 h, respectively, but after 2 and 12 h, they had initial antifungal interference. All hybrid formulations of rGO/Ag NCs were not toxic for G. mellonella. This study provides insights into an alternative therapeutic strategy for controlling dermatomycoses.
引用
收藏
页码:6870 / 6879
页数:10
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