Resource efficiency, green development, and social security: Evidence from ASEAN+6 economies

This study explores global concerns surrounding environmental pollution and climate change, underscoring their profound impact on human life and ecosystems. Centered on ASEAN+6 countries, it investigates the interconnections among resource efficiency, social security, and the industrial green index. Utilizing comprehensive data spanning from 2000 to 2021, the research reveals that heightened fossil fuel intensity hampers industrial green development, indicating environmental deterioration. An elevated country risk index correlates with diminished industrial green progress, attributed to regulatory uncertainty and social unrest. Interestingly, foreign direct investment (FDI) does not align with sustainability; increased FDI corresponds to a slowdown in the industrial green index, suggesting potential environmental challenges. Policy recommendations emphasize the necessity to promote resource efficiency, address societal risk factors, align FDI policies with sustainability goals, and utilize internet access for eco-friendly knowledge dissemination. These recommendations aim to guide ASEAN+6 countries towards a more sustainable industrial future.