The Safe Load-Bearing Capacity of Railway Tunnel Linings under High-Pressure and Water-Rich Conditions

High water pressure has been identified as the direct cause of water seepage problems in tunnels. Consequently, it is imperative to ascertain the safety load-bearing limits of tunnel linings in high-pressure, water-rich strata. In this study, FLAC3D (V5.0) numerical simulation software was employed to establish seepage models of tunnels under high-pressure, water-rich conditions, taking an actual engineering project as a reference. The hydrostatic pressure on tunnel linings under various conditions, including different permeability coefficients of the surrounding rock, grouting rings, levels of the water table, and coordinates of lining positions, was computed. By extracting the results of these simulations, correlations between lining water pressure and various parameters were analyzed, and preliminary hydrostatic pressure calculation formulas were deduced. Through regression analysis using SPSS (19.0) software, a general calculation formula for lining water pressure was derived. Given similar surrounding rock conditions, it was revealed that railway tunnel lining types adhere to a universal standard. The calculation formula for lining water pressure, when integrated with lithostatic pressure in the seepage model, facilitates the computation of the maximum pressure head that the tunnel lining can withstand under different conditions. A tabulation summarizing safe water head heights under various conditions is also presented, which enables rapid consultation of the safe load-bearing range of tunnel lining under corresponding conditions. This study provides a new calculation method for the lining water pressure of a water-rich railway tunnel, filling the literature gap. The safe tunnel head query table provides a new research approach for the design of water-rich tunnels. The research method in this article is rare in the literature, and the research approach has obvious innovations. The findings of this study have the potential to provide a theoretical foundation and data reference for the structural design of tunnel linings and the remediation of related issues.