Livestock Agriculture Greenhouse Gases for Electricity Production: Recent Developments and Future Perspectives

The focus of this review paper was to investigate innovations currently employed to capture and use greenhouse gases produced within livestock farms for energy production and expected future directions. The methods considered for data collection regarded a systematic review of the literature, where 50 journal articles were critically reviewed. The main findings identified that the conventional method used in transforming livestock agriculture greenhouse gases into energy regards the combustion of biogas. However, emerging methods encompass microbial fuel cells, dry biogas reforming, steam biogas reforming, auto thermal Chemical Looping Reforming (CLRa), and gas-to-liquid methods that convert methane to liquid hydrocarbons. The conclusions from the review are that there is a potential to integrate these methods in livestock agriculture in order to generate energy from greenhouse emissions and reduce the reliance on fossil fuels.