Study of the optical properties for low-loss rectangular porous core photonic crystal fiber (R-PCF) topology for biomedical sensing application

This paper investigates the theoretical development and characterization of different rectangular photonic crystal fiber (R-PCF) sensors for terahertz waveguide applications using simulation. COMSOL Multiphysics simulator is used with the finite element method (FEM) to analyze the proposed topology. The number of rectangles in the core, the strut value, and the clad design were varied to find the best topology. Then sweeping was used for the various core and cladding designs to obtain the best topology. The goal of the study was to find the most effective topology that achieves optimal performance in terms of confinement loss, effective material loss, dispersion, and power fraction. These metrics were evaluated for the frequency band in the terahertz (THz) range from 0.5 to 1.5 THz. This topology was applied to air before being employed as a biomedical sensor to determine its efficiency. This topology was employed as a biomedical sensor to detect a dangerous disease like tuberculosis, and it behaved effectively. This topology achieves a very low effective material loss (EML) of 2.88 x 10-3 cm-1, very low confinement loss (CL) of 9.68 x 10-17 cm-1, a power fraction (PF) of 85.21%, an effective area (Aeff) of 2.76 x 105 mu m2, and insignificant dispersion of 0.2686 (Ps/THz/cm). To demonstrate the effectiveness and authenticity of the proposed design, this work has been extensively compared with previous research on PCF sensors.