Boundary layer and heat transfer analysis of mixed convective nanofluid flow capturing the aspects of nanoparticles over a needle

Since their significance in commercial and scientific procedures has been recognized, studies regarding boundary layer flow and heat transfer have increased. The goal of this research is to examine the effects of hydromagnetic forces, mixed convection, and joule heating on ethylene glycol-based nanofluids suspended above a thin vertical needle. For thermal conductivity and viscosity, both aggregation and non-aggregation models are used. Here, we employed the similarity transformation to turn partial differential equations (PDEs) into dimensionless ODEs. Skin friction coefficients, Nusselt numbers, velocities, and temperature profiles were computed over a wide range of parameter values. The velocity and temperature profiles generated by the models that account for aggregation are superior to those generated by the homogeneous model. Velocity profile increases with a and e and decreases with M and e. Thermal profile increases with cp, M, e and Ec and decreases against a. Skin friction and Nusselt number increases with increasing values of cp and a towards e. When comparing the findings from the present research to those from the past, it is clear that there is a high level of concordance between the two. Data availability: "Data will be available on demand from Bilal.Ali".