Rotation Periods, Inclinations, and Obliquities of Cool Stars Hosting Directly Imaged Substellar Companions: Spin-Orbit Misalignments Are Common

被引:28
作者
Bowler, Brendan P. [1 ]
Tran, Quang H. [1 ]
Zhang, Zhoujian [2 ]
Morgan, Marvin [1 ]
Ashok, Katelyn B. [1 ]
Blunt, Sarah [3 ]
Bryan, Marta L. [4 ]
Evans, Analis E. [5 ]
Franson, Kyle [1 ]
Huber, Daniel [6 ]
Nagpal, Vighnesh [7 ]
Wu, Ya-Lin [8 ]
Zhou, Yifan [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, 2515 Speedway, Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712 USA
[2] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA
[3] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA USA
[4] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 501 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
[5] Univ Florida, Dept Phys, 2001 Museum Rd, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
[6] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, 2680 Woodlawn Dr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
[7] Univ Calif Berkeley, Astron Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
[8] Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei, Taiwan
基金
美国国家科学基金会; 美国国家航空航天局;
关键词
PLANETARY-MASS COMPANION; L-DWARF COMPANION; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; TESS INPUT CATALOG; SOLAR-TYPE STARS; YOUNG M DWARF; V-SIN-I; HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; FINDING CAMPAIGN DISCOVERY; ANGULAR-MOMENTUM EVOLUTION;
D O I
10.3847/1538-3881/acbd34
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
The orientation between a star's spin axis and a planet's orbital plane provides valuable information about the system's formation and dynamical history. For non-transiting planets at wide separations, true stellar obliquities are challenging to measure, but lower limits on spin-orbit orientations can be determined from the difference between the inclination of the star's rotational axis and the companion's orbital plane (?i). We present results of a uniform analysis of rotation periods, stellar inclinations, and obliquities of cool stars (SpT ? F5) hosting directly imaged planets and brown dwarf companions. As part of this effort, we have acquired new v sini values for 22 host stars * with the high-resolution Tull spectrograph at the Harlan J. Smith telescope. Altogether our sample contains 62 host stars with rotation periods, most of which are newly measured using light curves from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. Among these, 53 stars have inclinations determined from projected rotational and equatorial velocities, and 21 stars predominantly hosting brown dwarfs have constraints on ?i. Eleven of these (52(-11)( + 10)% of the sample) are likely misaligned, while the remaining 10 host stars are consistent with spin-orbit alignment. As an ensemble, the minimum obliquity distribution between 10 and 250 au is more consistent with a mixture of isotropic and aligned systems than either extreme scenario alone-pointing to direct cloud collapse, formation within disks bearing primordial alignments and misalignments, or architectures processed by dynamical evolution. This contrasts with stars hosting directly imaged planets, which show a preference for low obliquities. These results reinforce an emerging distinction between the orbits of long-period brown dwarfs and giant planets in terms of their stellar obliquities and orbital eccentricities.
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页数:52
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