Enrichment of medium-quality colostrum by adding colostrum replacer, combined or not with transition milk in the feeding of dairy calves

Fifty Holstein calves were allocated in randomized blocks and distributed in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement; (A) two sources of Ig: (1) Control: bovine colostrum (25% Brix); (2) Enriched colostrum: mid-quality bovine colostrum (20% Brix) enriched with colostrum replacer to 25% Brix; and (B) two transition feeding diets: (1) Whole milk (WM): supply of 4 L/day of whole milk for 3 days after the colostrum feeding; and (2) Formulated transition milk (FTM): supply 4 L/day of whole milk enriched with 70 g/L of colostrum replacer for 3 days after the colostrum feeding. Blood samples were collected at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h of age to determine total serum protein (TSP), glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), erythrocyte and leukocyte concentrations. IgG was measured at 48 h. During the preweaning period, calves received 6 L/day of whole milk. Blood samples were collected weekly to determine TSP, glucose, and lactate. The colostrum protocols were equally efficient for transfer of passive immunity with IgG concentration at 48 h >= 49.6 g/L. Colostrum or transition feeding program did not influence the erythrocyte and leukocyte concentrations. The TSP concentration measured until 72 h was higher for calves fed maternal colostrum. Calves fed milk in the transition period had higher glucose concentrations. Calves receiving bovine colostrum and FTM had higher glucose concentrations in the preweaning period, while the enriched colostrum decreased plasma lactate concentrations. In summary, enrichment of mid-quality colostrum is an alternative in situations of a shortage of high-quality colostrum; however, feeding 4 L/day of FTM only for 3 days after colostrum feeding does not show additional benefits.