Impact of potentially toxic elements on pines in a former ore processing mine: Exploitation of hyperspectral response from needle and canopy scales

Anthropic potentially toxic element (PTE) releases can lead to persistent pollution in soil. Monitoring PTEs by their detection and quantification on large scale is of great interest. The vegetation exposed to PTEs can exhibit a reduction of physiological activities, structural damage ... Such vegetation trait changes impact the spectral signature in the reflective domain 0.4-2.5 mu m. The objective of this study is to characterize the impact of PTEs on the spectral signature of two pine species (Aleppo and Stone pines) in the reflective domain and ensure their assessment. The study focuses on nine PTEs: As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Zn. The spectra are measured by an in-field spectrometer and an aerial hyperspectral instrument on a former ore processing site. They are completed by measurements related to vegetation traits at needle and tree scales (photosynthetic pigments, dry matter, morphometry ...) to define the most sensitive vegetation parameter to each PTE in soil. A result of this study is that chlorophylls and carotenoids are the most correlated to PTE contents. Context-specific spectral indices are specified and used to assess metal contents in soil by regression. These new vegetation indices are compared at needle and canopy scales to literature indices. Most of the PTE contents are predicted at both scales with Pearson correlation scores between 0.6 and 0.9, depending on species and scale.