Emission inventory of air pollutants from residential coal combustion over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region in 2020

To investigate the atmospheric pollutant emission from residential coal combustion (RCC) in BTH region in 2020, based on the bottom-up methodology, a high spatial and temporal resolution air pollutant emission inventory was established. The results showed that the emissions of PM10, PM2.5, BC, OC, CO, NOx, SO2, and VOCs in BTH region in 2020 were 19.58, 15.67, 2.98, 8.33, 296.96, 3.51, 36.67, and 5.87 million tons, respectively. Chengde contributed the most PM2.5, BC, OC, and VOCs in BTH region, accounted for 11.48%, 13.71%, 11.52%, and 12.72%, respectively. While Shijiazhuang contributed the most PM10, CO, NOx, and SO2 in BTH region, accounted for 11.55%, 11.60%, 11.55%, and 12.10%, respectively. The spatial distribution characteristics of pollutants showed that high emissions concentrated in northern, eastern, and southern areas of BTH region. Based on the time distribution factor obtained from the long-term follow-up survey data of RCC of households in BTH region, the annual emissions of different cities were allocated according to the temporal resolution of monthly, daily, and hourly. It was found that for each pollutant, the highest emissions appeared in January; the higher emissions occurred in mid-December, early January, and mid-February; and the peak emission appeared at 8:00, 11:00, 18:00, and 21:00. Furthermore, the uncertainty analysis of the emission inventory was carried out by using the Monte Carlo method. This study provides a more high temporal and spatial resolution emission inventory of RCC for air quality model, which can accurately simulate regional pollutant emission scenarios.