Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Piperazine and N-Benzylpiperidine Hybrids of 5-Phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-thiol as Potential Multitargeted Ligands for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy

被引：22

作者：

Waiker, Digambar Kumar ^{[1
]}

Verma, Akash ^{[1
]}

Akhilesh, Gajendra T.

Gajendra, T. A. ^{[1
]}

Singh, Namrata ^{[2
]}

Roy, Anima ^{[2
]}

Dilnashin, Hagera ^{[3
]}

Tiwari, Vinod ^{[1
]}

Trigun, Surendra Kumar P. ^{[2
]}

Singh, Surya P. ^{[3
]}

Krishnamurthy, Sairam ^{[1
]}

Lama, Prem ^{[4
]}

Davisson, Vincent Jo ^{[5
]}

Shrivastava, Sushant Kumar ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Banaras Hindu Univ, Indian Inst Technol, Dept Pharmaceut Engn & Technol, Varanasi 221005, India

[2] Banaras Hindu Univ, Inst Sci, Dept Zool, Varanasi 221005, India

[3] Banaras Hindu Univ, Inst Sci, Dept Biochem, Varanasi 221005, India

[4] CSIR Indian Inst Petr, Dehra Dun 248005, Uttarakhand, India

[5] Purdue Univ, Dept Med Chem & Mol Pharmacol, W Lafayette, IN USA

来源：

ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE | 2023年 / 14卷 / 11期

关键词：

Alzheimer's disease; beta-secretase-1 (BACE-1); butyrylcholinesterase (BChE); acetylcholinesterase (AChE); amyloid beta (A beta); multitargeted molecular hybrids; TARGET-DIRECTED LIGANDS; AMYLOID-BETA; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; AGGREGATION; DERIVATIVES; DOCKING; NEURODEGENERATION; NEUROTOXICITY; OLIGOMERS;

D O I：

10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00245

中图分类号：

Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];

学科分类号：

071010 ; 081704 ;

摘要：

Our present work demonstrates the successful design and synthesis of a new class of compounds based upon a multitargeted directed ligand design approach to discover new agents for use in Alzheimer's disease (AD). All the compounds were tested for their in vitro inhibitory potential against human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE), human butylcholinesterase (hBChE), beta-secretase-1 (hBACE-1), and amyloid beta (A beta) aggregation. Compounds 5d and 5f have shown hAChE and hBACE-1 inhibition comparable to donepezil, while hBChE inhibition was comparable to rivastigmine. Compounds 5d and 5f also demonstrated a significant reduction in the formation of A beta aggregates through the thioflavin T assay and confocal, atomic force, and scanning electron microscopy studies and significantly displaced the total propidium iodide, that is, 54 and 51% at 50 mu M concentrations, respectively. Compounds 5d and 5f were devoid of neurotoxic liabilities against RA/BDNF (RA = retinoic acid; BDNF = brain-derived neurotrophic factor)-differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell lines at 10-80 mu M concentrations. In both the scopolamine- and A beta-induced mouse models for AD, compounds 5d and 5f demonstrated significant restoration of learning and memory behaviors. A series of ex vivo studies of hippocampal and cortex brain homogenates showed that 5d and 5f elicit decreases in AChE, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide levels, an increase in glutathione level, and reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA. The histopathological examination of mice revealed normal neuronal appearance in the hippocampal and cortex regions of the brain. Western blot analysis of the same tissue indicated a reduction in A beta, amyloid precursor protein (APP)/A beta, BACE-1, and tau protein levels, which were non-significant compared to the sham group. The immunohistochemical analysis also showed significantly lower expression of BACE-1 and A beta levels, which was comparable to donepezil-treated group. Compounds 5d and 5f represent new lead candidates for developing AD therapeutics.

引用

页码：2217 / 2242

页数：26

共 74 条

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