Long-Term Outcomes of Ultrasound-Guided Thread Carpal Tunnel Release and Its Clinical Effectiveness in Severe Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Ultrasound-guided thread carpal tunnel release (TCTR) was proposed as an effective and safe surgical technique with faster recovery and fewer complications. This study was conducted to confirm the long-term outcomes after TCTR and verify its clinical effectiveness in severe carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) for more insights into TCTR procedure. A total of 168 TCTR procedures were performed in 152 individual patients by two physiatrists during 36-month period. In an assessment of 82 hands, surgical outcomes of 2 years after TCTR could be obtained, and the grade 6 CTS group of 21 hands, classified as extremely severe grade by Bland's classification, was compared with other severity groups (grade 1-5). The Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire (BCTQ) was used to assess surgical outcomes. No adverse events occurred in all cases including the case of severe CTS and anatomical variants. TCTR showed significant improvement in BCTQ scale within 1-2 weeks, which continued up to 2 years with no recurrence (p < 0.01). Although slower and more progressive than the other severity group, there was also significant improvement relative to the BCTQ scale around 4 weeks after procedure in the grade 6 CTS group (p < 0.05). With the familiarity of ultrasound, ultrasound-guided TCTR is an effective and reliable surgical treatment for CTS in long-term outcomes and in severe CTS.