Variable refrigerant flow;
Air conditioning system;
Energy efficiency;
Indoor unit;
Performance model;
SIMULATION;
D O I:
10.1016/j.enbuild.2023.113253
中图分类号:
TU [建筑科学];
学科分类号:
0813 ;
摘要:
In the context of a large market share, enhancing the actual performance of variable refrigerant flow (VRF) airconditioning systems is of considerable importance. The operating states of indoor units (IUs) significantly influence the energy efficiency of a VRF system with multiple indoor terminals. Therefore, it is challenging to address accurate and concise representation of the operational characteristics of IUs for analyzing their impact on system performance. This study explored a novel performance index called capacity utilization rate (CUR) to illustrate the effect of IUs on system performance and developed a performance model based on this index. Simulation and experimental results demonstrated that energy efficiency and evaporating temperature decrease with a reduction in CUR under specific ambient temperatures and part-load rates. The proposed performance model was applied to real buildings in field tests to examine the operational characteristics of the VRF system. This research offers valuable insights for system design, performance simulation, and performance evaluation of VRF systems.
机构:
Ningbo Univ Technol, Dept Bldg Environm & Energy Applicat, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, Peoples R ChinaNingbo Univ Technol, Dept Bldg Environm & Energy Applicat, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, Peoples R China
Tu, Qiu
Zhang, Lina
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Ningbo Univ Technol, Dept Bldg Environm & Energy Applicat, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, Peoples R ChinaNingbo Univ Technol, Dept Bldg Environm & Energy Applicat, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, Peoples R China
Zhang, Lina
Cai, Wei
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Ningbo Univ Technol, Dept Bldg Environm & Energy Applicat, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, Peoples R ChinaNingbo Univ Technol, Dept Bldg Environm & Energy Applicat, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, Peoples R China
Cai, Wei
Guo, Xiujuan
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Ningbo Univ Technol, Dept Bldg Environm & Energy Applicat, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, Peoples R ChinaNingbo Univ Technol, Dept Bldg Environm & Energy Applicat, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, Peoples R China
Guo, Xiujuan
Yuan, Xiaojun
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Aux Elect Co Ltd, Res & Dev Ctr, Ningbo 315191, Zhejiang, Peoples R ChinaNingbo Univ Technol, Dept Bldg Environm & Energy Applicat, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, Peoples R China
Yuan, Xiaojun
Deng, Chenmian
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Aux Elect Co Ltd, Res & Dev Ctr, Ningbo 315191, Zhejiang, Peoples R ChinaNingbo Univ Technol, Dept Bldg Environm & Energy Applicat, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, Peoples R China
Deng, Chenmian
Zhang, Jie
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Aux Elect Co Ltd, Res & Dev Ctr, Ningbo 315191, Zhejiang, Peoples R ChinaNingbo Univ Technol, Dept Bldg Environm & Energy Applicat, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, Peoples R China
机构:
Beijing Univ Technol, Beijing Key Lab Green Built Environm & Energy Effi, Beijing, Peoples R China
Harbin Inst Technol, Minist Ind & Informat Technol, Sch Architecture, Key Lab Cold Reg Urban & Rural Human Settlement En, Harbin, Peoples R ChinaBeijing Univ Technol, Beijing Key Lab Green Built Environm & Energy Effi, Beijing, Peoples R China
Wei, Wenzhe
Jin, Xinyue
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Beijing Univ Technol, Beijing Key Lab Green Built Environm & Energy Effi, Beijing, Peoples R ChinaBeijing Univ Technol, Beijing Key Lab Green Built Environm & Energy Effi, Beijing, Peoples R China
Jin, Xinyue
Dong, Qian
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Syst Design Inst Mech Elect Engn, Beijing, Peoples R ChinaBeijing Univ Technol, Beijing Key Lab Green Built Environm & Energy Effi, Beijing, Peoples R China
Dong, Qian
Ni, Long
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Harbin Inst Technol, Minist Ind & Informat Technol, Sch Architecture, Key Lab Cold Reg Urban & Rural Human Settlement En, Harbin, Peoples R ChinaBeijing Univ Technol, Beijing Key Lab Green Built Environm & Energy Effi, Beijing, Peoples R China
Ni, Long
Zhao, Shunan
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Beijing Univ Technol, Beijing Key Lab Green Built Environm & Energy Effi, Beijing, Peoples R China
GREE Elect Appliances Inc, SKL Air Conditioning Equipment & Syst Energy Conse, Zhuhai, Peoples R ChinaBeijing Univ Technol, Beijing Key Lab Green Built Environm & Energy Effi, Beijing, Peoples R China
Zhao, Shunan
Wang, Wei
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Beijing Univ Technol, Beijing Key Lab Green Built Environm & Energy Effi, Beijing, Peoples R ChinaBeijing Univ Technol, Beijing Key Lab Green Built Environm & Energy Effi, Beijing, Peoples R China
Wang, Wei
Sun, Yuying
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Beijing Univ Technol, Beijing Key Lab Green Built Environm & Energy Effi, Beijing, Peoples R ChinaBeijing Univ Technol, Beijing Key Lab Green Built Environm & Energy Effi, Beijing, Peoples R China
机构:
Tsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
Beijing Key Lab Indoor Air Qual Evaluat & Control, Beijing 100084, Peoples R ChinaTsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
Xiao, Hansong
Shi, Jingfeng
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
Beijing Key Lab Indoor Air Qual Evaluat & Control, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
Qingdao Hisense Hitachi Air Conditioning Syst Co, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R ChinaTsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
Shi, Jingfeng
Yang, Zixu
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
Beijing Key Lab Indoor Air Qual Evaluat & Control, Beijing 100084, Peoples R ChinaTsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
Yang, Zixu
Wang, Baolong
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
Beijing Key Lab Indoor Air Qual Evaluat & Control, Beijing 100084, Peoples R ChinaTsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
Wang, Baolong
Shi, Wenxing
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
Beijing Key Lab Indoor Air Qual Evaluat & Control, Beijing 100084, Peoples R ChinaTsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
Shi, Wenxing
Li, Meng
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Qingdao Hisense Hitachi Air Conditioning Syst Co, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R ChinaTsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
机构:
Tsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
Beijing Key Lab Indoor Air Qual Evaluat & Control, Beijing 100084, Peoples R ChinaTsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
Yang, Zixu
Ding, Lianrui
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
Beijing Key Lab Indoor Air Qual Evaluat & Control, Beijing 100084, Peoples R ChinaTsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
Ding, Lianrui
Xiao, Hansong
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
Beijing Key Lab Indoor Air Qual Evaluat & Control, Beijing 100084, Peoples R ChinaTsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
Xiao, Hansong
Zhang, Guohui
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
Beijing Key Lab Indoor Air Qual Evaluat & Control, Beijing 100084, Peoples R ChinaTsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
Zhang, Guohui
Wang, Baolong
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
Beijing Key Lab Indoor Air Qual Evaluat & Control, Beijing 100084, Peoples R ChinaTsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
Wang, Baolong
Shi, Wenxing
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
Beijing Key Lab Indoor Air Qual Evaluat & Control, Beijing 100084, Peoples R ChinaTsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
机构:
Ningbo Univ Technol, Dept Bldg Environm & Energy Applicat, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, Peoples R ChinaNingbo Univ Technol, Dept Bldg Environm & Energy Applicat, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, Peoples R China
Tu, Qiu
Zhang, Lina
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Ningbo Univ Technol, Dept Bldg Environm & Energy Applicat, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, Peoples R ChinaNingbo Univ Technol, Dept Bldg Environm & Energy Applicat, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, Peoples R China
Zhang, Lina
Cai, Wei
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Ningbo Univ Technol, Dept Bldg Environm & Energy Applicat, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, Peoples R ChinaNingbo Univ Technol, Dept Bldg Environm & Energy Applicat, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, Peoples R China
Cai, Wei
Guo, Xiujuan
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Ningbo Univ Technol, Dept Bldg Environm & Energy Applicat, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, Peoples R ChinaNingbo Univ Technol, Dept Bldg Environm & Energy Applicat, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, Peoples R China
Guo, Xiujuan
Yuan, Xiaojun
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Aux Elect Co Ltd, Res & Dev Ctr, Ningbo 315191, Zhejiang, Peoples R ChinaNingbo Univ Technol, Dept Bldg Environm & Energy Applicat, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, Peoples R China
Yuan, Xiaojun
Deng, Chenmian
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Aux Elect Co Ltd, Res & Dev Ctr, Ningbo 315191, Zhejiang, Peoples R ChinaNingbo Univ Technol, Dept Bldg Environm & Energy Applicat, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, Peoples R China
Deng, Chenmian
Zhang, Jie
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Aux Elect Co Ltd, Res & Dev Ctr, Ningbo 315191, Zhejiang, Peoples R ChinaNingbo Univ Technol, Dept Bldg Environm & Energy Applicat, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, Peoples R China
机构:
Beijing Univ Technol, Beijing Key Lab Green Built Environm & Energy Effi, Beijing, Peoples R China
Harbin Inst Technol, Minist Ind & Informat Technol, Sch Architecture, Key Lab Cold Reg Urban & Rural Human Settlement En, Harbin, Peoples R ChinaBeijing Univ Technol, Beijing Key Lab Green Built Environm & Energy Effi, Beijing, Peoples R China
Wei, Wenzhe
Jin, Xinyue
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Beijing Univ Technol, Beijing Key Lab Green Built Environm & Energy Effi, Beijing, Peoples R ChinaBeijing Univ Technol, Beijing Key Lab Green Built Environm & Energy Effi, Beijing, Peoples R China
Jin, Xinyue
Dong, Qian
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Syst Design Inst Mech Elect Engn, Beijing, Peoples R ChinaBeijing Univ Technol, Beijing Key Lab Green Built Environm & Energy Effi, Beijing, Peoples R China
Dong, Qian
Ni, Long
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Harbin Inst Technol, Minist Ind & Informat Technol, Sch Architecture, Key Lab Cold Reg Urban & Rural Human Settlement En, Harbin, Peoples R ChinaBeijing Univ Technol, Beijing Key Lab Green Built Environm & Energy Effi, Beijing, Peoples R China
Ni, Long
Zhao, Shunan
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Beijing Univ Technol, Beijing Key Lab Green Built Environm & Energy Effi, Beijing, Peoples R China
GREE Elect Appliances Inc, SKL Air Conditioning Equipment & Syst Energy Conse, Zhuhai, Peoples R ChinaBeijing Univ Technol, Beijing Key Lab Green Built Environm & Energy Effi, Beijing, Peoples R China
Zhao, Shunan
Wang, Wei
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Beijing Univ Technol, Beijing Key Lab Green Built Environm & Energy Effi, Beijing, Peoples R ChinaBeijing Univ Technol, Beijing Key Lab Green Built Environm & Energy Effi, Beijing, Peoples R China
Wang, Wei
Sun, Yuying
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Beijing Univ Technol, Beijing Key Lab Green Built Environm & Energy Effi, Beijing, Peoples R ChinaBeijing Univ Technol, Beijing Key Lab Green Built Environm & Energy Effi, Beijing, Peoples R China
机构:
Tsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
Beijing Key Lab Indoor Air Qual Evaluat & Control, Beijing 100084, Peoples R ChinaTsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
Xiao, Hansong
Shi, Jingfeng
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
Beijing Key Lab Indoor Air Qual Evaluat & Control, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
Qingdao Hisense Hitachi Air Conditioning Syst Co, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R ChinaTsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
Shi, Jingfeng
Yang, Zixu
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
Beijing Key Lab Indoor Air Qual Evaluat & Control, Beijing 100084, Peoples R ChinaTsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
Yang, Zixu
Wang, Baolong
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
Beijing Key Lab Indoor Air Qual Evaluat & Control, Beijing 100084, Peoples R ChinaTsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
Wang, Baolong
Shi, Wenxing
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
Beijing Key Lab Indoor Air Qual Evaluat & Control, Beijing 100084, Peoples R ChinaTsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
Shi, Wenxing
Li, Meng
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Qingdao Hisense Hitachi Air Conditioning Syst Co, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R ChinaTsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
机构:
Tsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
Beijing Key Lab Indoor Air Qual Evaluat & Control, Beijing 100084, Peoples R ChinaTsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
Yang, Zixu
Ding, Lianrui
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
Beijing Key Lab Indoor Air Qual Evaluat & Control, Beijing 100084, Peoples R ChinaTsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
Ding, Lianrui
Xiao, Hansong
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
Beijing Key Lab Indoor Air Qual Evaluat & Control, Beijing 100084, Peoples R ChinaTsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
Xiao, Hansong
Zhang, Guohui
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
Beijing Key Lab Indoor Air Qual Evaluat & Control, Beijing 100084, Peoples R ChinaTsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
Zhang, Guohui
Wang, Baolong
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
Beijing Key Lab Indoor Air Qual Evaluat & Control, Beijing 100084, Peoples R ChinaTsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
Wang, Baolong
Shi, Wenxing
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
Beijing Key Lab Indoor Air Qual Evaluat & Control, Beijing 100084, Peoples R ChinaTsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China