Exploring biomimetic potential of ruminant digestion strategies for lignocellulosic biomass utilization: A comprehensive review

Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) is increasingly acknowledged as a pivotal substrate for generating sustainable bioenergy via anaerobic digestion (AD). However, the limited biodegradability of LCB restricts its utilization in AD processes. Effectively integrating rumen digestive systems (RDSs) into AD could substantially enhance the transformation of LCB. A comprehensive understanding of RDSs is essential for incorporating their characteristics into the conceptualization and refinement of bio-processes and bioreactors. This research delineates the complexities of RDSs, with a particular emphasis on ruminant digestion strategies and the mechanisms of lignocellulose degradation facilitated by rumen microbes and enzymes. Further analysis through meta-omics techniques unveils the structure and function of rumen microbial communities, elucidating their fermentation dynamics and complex inter-microbial and host-microbial interactions. These findings facilitate the development of innovative bio-inspired processes, outlining a promising trajectory for future AD systems grounded in RDS principles.