Genotypic variability in yield, L-Dopa and mineral nutrient profile in velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens L.) production systems

Commercial cultivation of elite and non-itchy genotypes of underutilized legume Mucuna pruriens L. is required for food security as well as for meeting the demand of naturally available aromatic amino acid L-Dopa. Comprehensive studies were conducted in bower and surface-grown production systems at different periods during 2013-2020 at Bengaluru, India. The elite genotypes were examined for their suitability in food and pharmaceutical sectors based on seed yield, L-Dopa content, protein content and nutrient profile. Bower-training system increased the seed yield (0.73-2.38 t ha- 1) and L-Dopa yield (19-140 kg ha- 1) over surface-grown system. In general, long duration genotypes registered higher seed and L-Dopa yields. The genotype Arka Shubra registered significantly higher L-Dopa content (5.17-5.43 g per 100 g) in bower and surface-grown production systems. Similar yield levels (2.39-2.47 t ha- 1) and L-Dopa content at higher nutrient levels, and significant effects of nutrient uptake on seed yield (R2=0.959) indicate the necessity for optimum nutrition for seed crop. Different plant parts of velvet bean were found rich sources of important mineral nutrients and protein. The protein content was comparable in leaf (24.4-29.1%) and seed (25.5-28.6%). Long duration genotypes are ideal for commercial cultivation and for further use in food and pharmaceutical sectors.