Improving acid mine drainage treatment by combining treatment technologies: A review

被引:16
作者
Mosai, Alseno Kagiso [1 ]
Ndlovu, Gebhu [2 ]
Tutu, Hlanganani [3 ]
机构
[1] Univ Pretoria, Fac Nat & Agr Sci, Dept Chem, Lynnwood Rd, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa
[2] Mintek, Hydromet Div, 200 Malibongwe Dr, Private Bag X3015, ZA-2125 Randburg, South Africa
[3] Univ Witwatersrand, Mol Sci Inst, Sch Chem, Private Bag X3, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa
关键词
Acid mine drainage; Wastewater treatment technologies; Sulfate; Valuable metals; Water quality; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; EUTECTIC FREEZE CRYSTALLIZATION; ION-EXCHANGE; REVERSE-OSMOSIS; HEAVY-METALS; PRETREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES; ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT; RESOURCE RECOVERY; WATER-TREATMENT; DRINKING-WATER;
D O I
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170806
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
The mining and processing of some minerals and coal result in the production of acid mine drainage (AMD) which contains elevated levels of sulfate and metals, which tend to pose serious environmental issues. There are different technologies that have been developed for the treatment of wastewater or AMD. However, there is no "one -size -fits -all" solution, hence a combination of available technologies should be considered to achieve effective treatment. In this review, AMD treatment technologies and the possible alignment in tandem of the different treatment technologies were discussed. The alignment was based on the target species of each technology and AMD composition. The choice of the technologies to combine depends on the quality of AMD and the desired quality of effluent depending on end use (e.g., drinking, industrial, irrigation or release into the environment). AMD treatment technologies targeting metals can be combined with membrane and/or ettringite precipitation technologies that focus on the removal of sulfates. Other technologies can be added to deal with the secondary waste products (e.g., sludge and brines) from the treatment processes. Moreover, some technologies such as ion exchange and adsorption can be added to target specific valuable elements in AMD. Such combinations have the potential to result in effective AMD treatment and minimum waste production, which are not easily achievable with the individual technologies. Overall, this review presents combinations of AMD treatment technologies which can work best together to produce optimal water quality and valuable products in a costeffective manner.
引用
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页数:22
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